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Developing a Laravel Web App: From Initialization to Deployment

Here's a comprehensive guide to creating a Laravel web app on your Mac, integrating it with GitHub, and deploying it to an Ubuntu VPS.

Step 1: Set Up Your Mac Development Environment

1. Install Homebrew (if not already installed):

   bash
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   1/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
   

2. Install PHP:

   bash
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   1brew install php
   

3. Install Composer (PHP dependency manager):

   bash
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   1brew install composer
   

4. Install Node.js and npm (for frontend assets):

   bash
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   1brew install node
   

5. Install Git (if not already installed):

   bash
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   1brew install git
   

Step 2: Create a New Laravel Project

1. Create a new Laravel project using Composer:

   bash
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   1composer create-project laravel/laravel my-laravel-app
   

2. Navigate to your project directory:

   bash
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   1cd my-laravel-app
   

3. Test your installation by starting Laravel's development server:

   bash
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   1php artisan serve
   

   Visit http://localhost:8000 in your browser to see the Laravel welcome page.

Step 3: Initialize Git Repository and Connect to GitHub

1. Initialize a Git repository:

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   1git init
   

2. Add all files to Git:

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   1git add .
   

3. Make your first commit:

   bash
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   1git commit -m "Initial Laravel project setup"
   

4. Create a new repository on GitHub:

   • Go to github.com and log in
   • Click the "+" icon in the top right and select "New repository"
   • Name your repository (e.g., "my-laravel-app")
   • Don't initialize with README, .gitignore, or license
   • Click "Create repository"

5. Connect your local repository to GitHub:

   bash
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   1git remote add origin https://github.com/yourusername/my-laravel-app.git
   2git branch -M main
   3git push -u origin main
   

Step 4: Prepare Your Ubuntu VPS

1. Connect to your VPS via SSH:

   bash
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   1ssh username@your_server_ip
   

2. Update the system:

   bash
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   1sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
   

3. Install required packages:

   bash
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   1sudo apt install -y php php-cli php-fpm php-mbstring php-xml php-zip php-mysql php-curl unzip nginx mysql-server git
   

4. Install Composer:

   bash
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   1curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | sudo php -- --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer
   

5. Configure MySQL:

   bash
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   1sudo mysql_secure_installation
   

   Create a database for your Laravel app:

   bash
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   1sudo mysql -u root -p
   2CREATE DATABASE laravel_db;
   3CREATE USER 'laravel_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';
   4GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON laravel_db.* TO 'laravel_user'@'localhost';
   5FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
   6EXIT;
   

Step 5: Deploy Your Laravel App to the VPS

1. Create a directory for your app:

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   1sudo mkdir -p /var/www/my-laravel-app
   2sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/my-laravel-app
   

2. Clone your repository from GitHub:

   bash
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   1cd /var/www
   2git clone https://github.com/yourusername/my-laravel-app.git
   3cd my-laravel-app
   

3. Install PHP dependencies:

   bash
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   1composer install --no-dev --optimize-autoloader
   

4. Set proper permissions:

   bash
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   1sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/my-laravel-app/storage
   2sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/my-laravel-app/bootstrap/cache
   

5. Set up environment file:

   bash
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   1cp .env.example .env
   2php artisan key:generate
   

6. Edit the .env file with your production settings:

   bash
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   1nano .env
   

   Update database settings:

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   1DB_CONNECTION=mysql
   2DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
   3DB_PORT=3306
   4DB_DATABASE=laravel_db
   5DB_USERNAME=laravel_user
   6DB_PASSWORD=your_password
   

7. Run migrations:

   bash
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   1php artisan migrate
   

Step 6: Configure Nginx

1. Create an Nginx server block:

   bash
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   1sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/my-laravel-app
   

2. Add the following configuration:

   nginx
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   1server {
   2    listen 80;
   3    server_name your_domain.com www.your_domain.com;
   4    root /var/www/my-laravel-app/public;
   5
   6    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
   7    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff";
   8
   9    index index.php;
   10
   11    charset utf-8;
   12
   13    location / {
   14        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
   15    }
   16
   17    location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
   18    location = /robots.txt  { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
   19
   20    error_page 404 /index.php;
   21
   22    location ~ \.php$ {
   23        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock;
   24        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
   25        include fastcgi_params;
   26    }
   27
   28    location ~ /\.(?!well-known).* {
   29        deny all;
   30    }
   31}
   

   Note: Replace php8.1-fpm.sock with your PHP version if different.

3. Enable the site:

   bash
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   1sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/my-laravel-app /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
   2sudo nginx -t
   3sudo systemctl restart nginx
   

Step 7: Set Up Continuous Deployment (Optional)

1. Create a deployment script on your VPS:

   bash
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   1nano /var/www/my-laravel-app/deploy.sh
   

2. Add the following content:

   bash
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   1#!/bin/bash
   2cd /var/www/my-laravel-app
   3git pull origin main
   4composer install --no-dev --optimize-autoloader
   5php artisan migrate --force
   6php artisan config:cache
   7php artisan route:cache
   8php artisan view:cache
   9sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/my-laravel-app/storage
   10sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/my-laravel-app/bootstrap/cache
   

3. Make the script executable:

   bash
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   1chmod +x /var/www/my-laravel-app/deploy.sh
   

4. Run the script whenever you want to deploy updates:

   bash
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   1/var/www/my-laravel-app/deploy.sh
   

Step 8: Set Up SSL with Let's Encrypt (Recommended)

1. Install Certbot:

   bash
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   1sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
   

2. Obtain and install SSL certificate:

   bash
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   1sudo certbot --nginx -d your_domain.com -d www.your_domain.com
   

3. Set up auto-renewal:

   bash
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   1sudo systemctl status certbot.timer
   

Your Laravel application should now be successfully deployed and accessible via your domain name with HTTPS!